It was developed in 1926 by American engineer Murray Raney for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. The initial alloy composition is important because the quenching process produces a number of different Ni/Al phases that have different leaching properties. if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } It has also found use in the r… Raney nickel is particularly useful in this regard, particularly at elevated temperature and pressure. The removal of aluminium from some phases but not others is known as " selective leaching". Raney or Spongy Nickel plays a key role in organic chemistry, where the element is used as a catalyst or reagent during hydrogenation chemical reactions. Additionally, Raney nickel can be used as a catalyst for the following reactions: To learn more about Raney nickel and other important catalysts in organic chemistry (such as Wilkinsonâs catalyst), register with CoolGyan and download the mobile application on your smartphone. Insoluble in water. This can be done by heating aluminium into a molten state and subsequently dissolving nickel into it. (For further information see Reduction of nitro compounds.) This is done to enhance catalytic activity, and as such this third metal is called a " promoter". This solid has a fine-grained texture. In 1924 a 1:1 ratio Ni/Si alloy was produced, which after treatment with sodium hydroxide, was found to be five times more active than the best catalyst used in the hydrogenation of cottonseed oil. This molten mixture must now be cooled in a process known as quenching. Similar transformations are the Clemmensen reduction and the Wolff-Kishner reduction. These properties are a direct result of the activation process and contribute to a relatively high catalytic activity. However, this is the preferred alloy composition for production of Raney nickel catalysts currently in use. Nickel catalyst is used to promote the chemical action in manufacturing synthetics and to process vegetable oil and petroleum. In addition to being a catalyst, Raney nickel will also act as a reagent to desulfurize organic compounds. More recently it is used as a heterogeneous catalyst in a variety of organic syntheses, most commonly for hydrogenation reactions. The most commonly used catalyst for hydrogen oxidation in AFCs is porous nickel prepared from Raney nickel. For example, this catalyst can be used for the conversion of benzene into cyclohexane (which can, in turn, be oxidized into adipic acid). 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