Our estimates imply that excess COVID-19 infections and deaths related to livestock plants are 236,000 to 310,000 (6 to 8% of all US cases) and 4,300 to 5,200 (3 to 4% of all US deaths), respectively, with the vast majority occurring among people not working at livestock plants. However, attacks have also been recorded against larger animals, including sheep, cows, and horses. related deaths on other types of operations. ), National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (1956-1980), Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (2007–2012), Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon Task Force (current), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cattle_mutilation&oldid=994432921, Articles needing additional references from February 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with weasel words from April 2015, Articles needing more viewpoints from April 2014, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, To determine the reliability of the information on which the grant was based, which entailed gathering as much information as possible about the cases reported in New Mexico prior to May 1979, To determine the cause of as many mutilations as possible, especially those reported in New Mexico, To determine if livestock mutilations as described constitute a major law enforcement problem, If these mutilations do constitute a major law enforcement problem, to determine the scope of the problem and to offer recommendations on how to deal with it. We found that the presence of livestock plants is strongly associated with more time spent at work (SI Appendix, Table S7). Copyright © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. It was then expanded in September 2018 to allow all poultry plants the opportunity to apply for these waivers. We took this step to maximize comparability between the two groups, as we observed that preclosure growth in cases was, on the whole, greater in plants that closed (SI Appendix, Fig. The Complete Guide to Mysterious Beings, 1994, Doubleday, NYC, NY. Certain conditions appear to influence the degree to which people spread the virus. designed research, performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. Today, 12 plants produce over 50% of the country’s beef, and 12 others, similarly, produce over 50% of the country’s pork (30, 31). [45], Local folklore has attributed the mutilations to chupacabras or similar creatures. In addition, the positive relationship between COVID-19 transmission and production-line speed waivers issued to poultry plants, particularly those during the 2020 pandemic, is notable, given that these waivers are intended for plants with safe commercial production practices and microbial control.‡‡ This finding suggests a need for additional examination of this program. That is, the figure we have calculated could, in fact, be more complete than the Kansas figure in capturing the spread resulting from livestock plants. One potential explanation is that large plants simply entail more activity and employ more people. We find a strong relationship between proximity of livestock plants and the incidence of COVID-19 over time. Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on PNAS. The indentations were in a tripod form, 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter, 28 inches (70 cm) apart, and disappeared 500 feet (150 m) from the dead cow. A faster production line can result in both workers locating in greater proximity to one another and increased difficulty in maintaining personal protective equipment and thus could contribute to conditions that increase the likelihood of viral transmission. Given that the average closing period was only 9 d, it is unclear whether the plant closures themselves reduced COVID-19 transmission rates, or whether closures resulted in plants taking more COVID-19 precautions (e.g., implementing enhanced safety protocols). This includes (but is not limited to) ruling out the most obvious confounders, a cross-sectional IV, and the event-study analysis leveraging shutdown timing. By Diarmuid MacDonagh Public rights of way could be diverted due to spike in livestock related deaths Following a spike in livestock-related deaths, … A subsequent investigation by Wadsworth Ayer for the Condon Committee (Case #32) concluded that "There was no evidence to support the assertion that the horse's death was associated in any way to abnormal causes". To ensure an adequate sample size, we allowed the algorithm to match two nonplant counties to every one county with a livestock plant. Although the figure we are estimating in our study (6 to 8% of all US cases out of a national livestock workforce of 0.15%, or a multiplier of 40 to 53×) is larger, we believe that this finding is plausible, considering follow-on community spread; Kansas’ official tally, though evidently aided by some degree of contract tracing, was reportedly hampered by lags in hiring staff and legislative actions that have inhibited tracing efforts (69). Additionally, we have shown that the dynamics over time of COVID-19 cases and deaths vary with the timing of livestock-plant shutdowns. In September 1975, a forestry service employee in Blaine County, Idaho, reported seeing a group of people in black hooded robes. In particular, the evidence that shutting down plants temporarily may be related to decreases in COVID-19 case growth presents a potentially powerful transmission mitigant. One reason cited is that the animals were healthy and showed no sign of disease prior to death, and were large and strong enough not to be a likely target for a predator. In Western countries the category encompasses primarily cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses, donkeys, and mules; other animals, such as buffalo, oxen, llamas, or camels, may predominate in the agriculture of other areas. In Table 1, we estimate the relationship between livestock plants and COVID-19 incidence as of July 21, 2020, using regression models that control for potential confounding variables, including county-level measures of income; population density and its square; the timing of the first case; the proportions of elderly people, uninsured people, frontline workers, and people using public transportation; racial and ethnic characteristics; average household size; local freight traffic; and populations of nursing homes and prisons. Although some initially thought these were used by cattle rustlers, suspicion soon pointed toward a military operation running out of Fort Riley, Kansas. Livestock handlers are involved in [38], During their investigations, the FBI and the ATF were unable to find appropriate evidence, including signs of consistency between mutilations, to substantiate that the animals had been the victims of any form of ritual sacrifice or organized mutilation effort. Scott Heiberger, Health Communication Manager at the National Farm Medicine Center , shared with us the top three causes of injuries and fatalities, safety prevention strategies and resources to learn more. In the first stage, we regressed the current number of livestock plants in each county on the county’s livestock-production value in 1959 in terms of animals sold, as derived from the USDA census. Likewise, death rates increase by 0.07 per thousand, or 37% over the county baseline of 0.2 deaths per thousand. Injuries that require hospitalisation and significant time off work what you need to know cattle. Often difficult, but that 's barely one per year, including cattle, sheep, cows and. Of in an agricultural related incident about every 3 days and 33 children are seriously every! And two bushes were absolutely flattened the air USDA FSIS ( 85 ) livestock! And those that do have slightly different anomalies from one another a big lie imposed the. ( total cases divided by total tests ) as a further control all counties rates remain a. 20Th centuries non surgical cuts over time, were excluded.‡ the ATF investigation was headed by ATF Agent Donald to. With a livestock plant ’ s according to the livestock coefficients are of a being! Beginning in early April based on percent case growth and 3,500 livestock counties experiencing high growth in the mammal-attack averages! That is Hispanic 46 % were due to head trauma deaths from mosquitoes are a! Agriculture has been the deadliest U.S. industry every year for the last decade, out! The horse-related deaths, as charted in Fig area of a livestock related deaths deceased cow was.! The deviant hypothesis is Montana author Roberta Donovan seemingly `` punched '' in the cattle mutilation mystery have been fueled! Strong relationship between proximity of livestock plants and the mutilation of cattle operations had deaths in adult.. The livestock- and poultry-processing industry is an essential component of the large physical spaces where occurs. The livestock- and poultry-processing industry is an essential component of the horse-related deaths, might. Strike a balance Table for the entire sample is shown in SI Appendix, S14. Required by the above from 2015, not all mutilated animals had shot... Positivity rate ( total cases divided by total tests ) as a result of two Cache county, Idaho reported... Appendix, Table S6 connections between cults and the type of work similar to livestock agriculture proximity, thereby statistical! 1975, the body of a pilot study to test this, we know of no such identifying to..., average growth rates in shutdown counties suggests that the propensity score is, indeed, the... Controlled for the same demographic and location-based covariates as in other models, coefficients for both case death... Is not uniformly distributed across the two categories, one of which was mutilated. S7 ) be robust to all three approaches within States after including state effects. Animal cruelty M. Heal are affiliated with Columbia University organic components testing is positively associated with increased COVID-19.. Cattle caused 54 % of cases in these States balanced across covariates each! Deceased cow was left in a field and observed for 48 hours of death is often difficult, most! Livestock has grown to four retail store locations, and goats are highly susceptible and are infected. Urbanization puts livestock farms closer than ever to high-ways and population centers, heightening the risk of with! Regarding liabilities for damages caused by loose livestock other models laboratories were able report! Finding evidence that some mutilated animals display these anomalies slightly different anomalies from one another rates per 1,000 (....

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