context switching vs process switching in os

The steps involved in context switching are as follows: 1. It involves switching of all the process resources with those needed by a new process. This causes the contents of the cpu registers and instruction pointer to be saved. The context of a process is represented in the PCB of a process; it includes the value of the CPU registers, the process state and memory-management information. This task is known as a context switch. B. nach einer festgelegten Zeitspanne durch einen Timer-Interrupt oder bei Systemaufrufen) und zu einer anderen Routine gewechselt wird. This includes memory addresses, page tables, and kernel resources, caches in the processor. Context switching itself has a cost in performance, due to running the task scheduler, TLB flushes, and indirectly due to sharing the CPU cache between multiple tasks. Save the context of the process that is currently running on the CPU. I'll assume context switch between two processes of the same OS, not the user/kernel mode transition (syscall) which is much faster and needs no TLB flush. Move the process control block of the above process into the relevant queue such as the ready queue, I/O queue etc. 3. Select a new process for execution. 2. So, context switching is … Switching between threads of a single process can be faster than between two separate processes, because threads share the same virtual memory maps, so a TLB flush is not necessary. The ability to do context switching is an essential component for any multitasking OS. •Even though it’s fast, context switching is expensive: 1. time spent is 100% overhead 2. must invalidate other processes’ resources (caches, memory mappings) 3. kernel must execute –it must be accessible in memory •Solution to #3: •keep kernel mapped in every process VAS •protect it to be inaccessible •Aside: 2018 “meltdown” hardware bug 0x0 0xFFFFFFFF Operating system Stack Text Data Heap. Kontextwechsel oder Taskswitching (englisch context switch) nennt man den Vorgang in einem Betriebssystem, bei dem die Bearbeitung des aktuellen Prozesses (oder auch Threads, Tasks oder Programms) unterbrochen wird (z. the context switching time. The same type of things that cause context switching in Linux would cause context switching in Windows as well. All a high thread count means is that the CPU will be forced to switch contexts more often to fulfill the processing requirements of the scheduler. This means switching the memory address space. Update the process control block of the selected process. 5. Processes are the abstraction of running programs: A binary image, virtualized memory, various kernel resources, an associated security context, and so on. Here's the analogy I use in Linux Kernel Development. The OS scheduler • OS scheduler has two parts – Policy to pick which process to run (next lecture) – Mechanism to switch to that process (this lecture) • Non preemptive (cooperative) schedulers are polite – Switch only if process blocked or terminated • Preemptive (non-cooperative) schedulers can switch even … The registers and instruction pointer for the new task will then be loaded into the processor and execution of the new process will start/resume. The disadvantage of context switching is that it requires some time for context switching i.e. This includes updating the process state to running. Time is required to save the context of one process that is in the running state and then getting the context of another process that is about to come in the running state. 4. Kernel … Update the process control block and other important fields. Process switching is a type of context switching where we switch one process with another process. Difference between Context Switching and Process switching in mention below: 1.Definition * Context switching occurs when a computer CPU switches from one process to another process. Switching the CPU to another process requires saving the state of the old process and loading the saved state for the new process. Context switching occurs when a process needs to do something in a privileged way, such as requiring communication with another hardware device. A process switch(AKA context switch) is what it is called when the processor switches from one thread/process to another. • In such cases, OS performs a context switch to switch from one process to another 9. During that time, there is no useful work done by the CPU from the user perspective.

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